BLOOD PLASMA

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

1. BLOOD PLASMA

2. FORMED ELEMENTS

BLOOD PLASMA

      - 55 %

      - WATERY LIQUID EXTRA-CELLULAR MATRIX 

      - CONTAINS DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES

FORMED ELEMENTS

      - 45%

      - CELLS AND CELL FRAGMENTS

  - MORE THAN 99 % RED BLOOD CELLS

  -  LESS THAN 1 % WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND PLATELETS

IF A SAMPLE OF BLOOD IS CENTRIFUGED OR SPUN IN A GLASS TUBE

   - THE RED BLOOD CELLS SINK TO THE BOTTOM OF THE TUBE

   - LIGHT WEIGHT PLASMA FORMS A LAYER ON TOP

   - WBCs AND PLATELETS FORM A VERY THIN BUFFY COAT LAYER BETWEEN   

               - AS THEY ARE LESS DENSE THAN RBCs AND MORE DENSE THAN PLASMA 

 

BLOOD PLASMA

STRAW COLORED LIQUID WHEN FORMED ELEMENTS ARE REMOVED FROM THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS

1. WATER- 91.5%

2. SOLUTES- 8.5 %

         a.  PROTEINS- 7%

         b.  OTHERS- 1.5 %

1. WATER

 

     - LIQUID PORTION OF BLOOD

     - ACTS AS SOLVENT  AND SUSPENDING MEDIUM FOR COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

     - ABSORBS

     - TRANSPORTS

     - RELEASES 

                        HEAT

2a. PLASMA PROTEINS

   - PROTEINS CONFINED TO BLOOD

A. ALBUMINS  - 54%

      - SMALLEST

      - MOST NUMEROUS

      - PRODUCED BY HEPATOCYTES

function

      - transport proteins for several steroid hormones and 

                                      for fatty acids

B. GLOBULINS - 38 5

      - PRODUCED BY HEPATOCYTES AND 

                                      PLASMA CELLS

a. ANTIBODIES-  IMMUNOGLOBULINS

     - HELP ATTACK VIRUSES AND BACTERIA

b. ALPHA AND BETA GLOBULINS

     - TRANSPORT IRON

                               LIPIDS

                               FAT- SOLUBLE VITAMINS

C. FIBRINOGEN - 7 %

      - PRODUCED BY HEPATOCYTES

      - ESSENTIAL ROLE IN BLOOD CLOTTING

2b. OTHER SOLUTES

1. ELECTROLYTES

- INORGANIC SALTS

       CATIONS- POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS- Na+, K+, Ca2+'  Mg2+

      ANIONS- NEGATIVELY CHARGED IONS- Cl-, HCO3-, HPO42-, SO4 2-

function

      - HELP MAINTAIN OSMOTIC PRESSURE

     - PLAY ESSENTIAL ROLES IN CELL FUNCTIONS

2. NUTRIENTS

- PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION 

- PASS INTO BLOOD FOR DISTRIBUTION TO ALL BODY CELLS

INCLUDE

      AMINO ACIDS FROM PROTEINS

      GLUCOSE FROM CARBOHYDRATES

      FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL FROM TRIGLYCERIDES

     VITAMINS

 

      MINERALS

3. GASES

   - OXYGEN

   CARBON DIOXIDE

   - NITROGEN

MORE OXYGEN - ASSOCIATED WITH HEMOGLOBIN INSIDE RBC

MORE CARBON DIOXIDE- IS DISSOLVED IN PLASMA

4. REGULATORY SUBSTANCES

a. ENZYMES

   - PRODUCED BY BODY CELLS

   -  CATALYZE CHEMICAL REACTION

b. HORMONES

   - PRODUCED BY ENDOCRINE GLAND

   - REGULATE

                          METABOLISM

                          GROWTH

                          DEVELOPMENT

c. VITAMINS

   - COFACTORS FOR ENZYMATIC REACTIONS

5. WASTE PRODUCTS

   - MOST ARE BREAK DOWN PRODUCTS OF PROTEIN METABOLISM 

   - ARE CARRIED TO ORGANS OF EXCRETION

INCLUDE

                   UREA

                   URIC ACID

                   CREATINE

                   CREATININE

                   

                   BILIRUBIN

                   AMMONIA