Tuesday, 17 December 2013

18. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND HOMEOSTASIS

18. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

18. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND HOMEOSTASIS

  • Circulating or local hormones of the endocrine system contribute to homeostasis by regulating the activity and growth of target cells in your body. 
  • Hormones also regulate our metabolism.

  • As girls and boys enter puberty, they start to develop striking differences in physical appearance and behavior. 
  • Perhaps no other period in life so dramatically shows the impact of the endocrine system in directing development and regulating body functions. 
In girls,
  • estrogens promote accumulation of adipose tissue in the breasts and hips,
  •  sculpting a feminine shape. 

At the same time or a little later, 

  • increasing levels of testosterone in boys begin to help build muscle mass and enlarge the vocal cords, producing a lowerpitched voice.

  •  These changes are just a few examples of the powerful influence of endocrine secretions. 
  • Less dramatically, perhaps, multitudes of hormones help maintain homeostasis on a daily basis. 
  • They regulate the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and some glands; 
  • alter metabolism;
  • spur growth and development; 
  • influence reproductive processes; 
  • and participate in circadian (daily) rhythms established by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus.

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