INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

1. INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY


THE WORD ANATOMY IS DERIVED FROM A GREEK WORD ANATOME - TO CUT UP

a-NAT-o-me 

ana = up
tomy= process of cutting


DEFINITION

Anatomy is 
                        the study of structures that make up the body
                                                 &
                         how these stuctures relate with each other



It was first studied by dissection


Dissection

                 the careful cutting apart of body structures to study their relationships


dis-SEK-shun

dis= apart
section= act of cutting

SUB SPECIALITIES OF ANATOMY

1. GROSS ANATOMY
               
              A. SYSTEMIC ANATOMY
              B. REGIONAL ANATOMY

2. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

3. HISTOLOGY

4. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

5. EMBRYOLOGY

6. SURFACE ANATOMY

7. CELLULAR ANATOMY/ CELL BIOLOGY

8. PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY

9. RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

   
1. GROSS ANATOMY

                       - study of body structures without the use of a microscope
               
              A. SYSTEMIC ANATOMY
                      
                        -study of functional relationship of organs within a system

              B. REGIONAL ANATOMY

                        -study of body parts regionally


2. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

                        -STUDY OF BODY STRUCTURES USING A MICROSCOPE  


3. HISTOLOGY 


                         -(his -TOL-o¯ -je¯; hist- tissue)

                         -study of tissues


4. DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

                          -  study of the structural development of the embryo.


                           -Study of the complete development of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death

                           -branch of embryology


 5. EMBRYOLOGY

                           
 em -bre¯-OL-o¯-je¯

embry- embryo; -logy study of 

                          - study of the structure and development of the embryo

                           - Study of the first eight weeks of development ; following fertilization of an egg (in humans).
.


6. SURFACE ANATOMY
               
                            - study of the structure of the body's surface.

                     
                             -Study of  Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation (gentle touch).


7. CELLULAR ANATOMY/ CELL BIOLOGY

        
                              - study of the structure and function of the cell.

                               - a branch of cytology

CYTOLOGY-

                      the study of the structure, function, pathology, life cycles, and life history
of cells.

8. PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY

                        (path -o¯-LOJ-i-kal; path- disease)

                        

                        Study of  Structural changes (from gross to microscopic) associated with disease.

9. RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

                        ra¯-de¯-o¯-GRAF-ik

                        radio- ray; -graphic to write

                        Study of Body structures that can be  visualized with x-rays.